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九个高频词尾家族详解：从入门到精通，覆盖 80% 基础词汇
1. “-ill” 词尾家族：最适合入门的 “记忆敲门砖”
“-ill” 是英语中最基础、最常用的词尾家族之一，不仅同韵词数量多，而且单词难度低，几乎都是小学和初中阶段的核心词汇，非常适合作为同韵词联想策略的入门练习。
核心词汇清单（从 A 到 Z 搜索整理）：
bill：n. 账单；清单（常见搭配：phone bill 电话费账单，restaurant bill 餐厅账单）
fill：v. 装满；填充（常见搭配：fill with 用…… 装满，fill in 填写）
hill：n. 小山；丘陵（常见搭配：a small hill 小山丘，climb the hill 爬山）
ill：adj. 生病的；不适的（常见搭配：feel ill 感觉不舒服，fall ill 生病）
kill：v. 杀死；扼杀（常见搭配：kill time 消磨时间，kill off 消灭）
mill：n. 面粉厂；工厂（常见搭配：a wheat mill 小麦面粉厂，a textile mill 纺织厂）
pill：n. 药丸；药片（常见搭配：take a pill 吃药丸，sleeping pill 安眠药）
till：prep./conj. 直到…… 为止（常见搭配：till now 直到现在，wait till tomorrow 等到明天）
will：modal v. 将要；会；愿意（常见搭配：will do 愿意做，will not 不会）
拓展情景故事（适合初中阶段）：
“Last week, my mom felt ill and went to the hospital. The doctor said she needed to take some pills every day. On the way home, we passed a small hill. At the foot of the hill, there was an old mill that used to make flour. Now it’s closed because the owner didn’t pay the electricity bill for three months. My mom told me that when she was young, she used to play near the mill with her friends. They would fill their pockets with wild flowers and run till sunset. One day, a big dog ran after them, and they were so scared that they thought it would kill them. Luckily, a kind man called the dog away. Now, every time we talk about that mill, my mom will smile and say it was one of the happiest times of her childhood.”
记忆强化练习：
逆向联想：看到 “till”，你能联想到哪些同韵词？请说出它们的中文释义和相关情景。
填空练习：My grandma has a bad cold. The doctor gave her some ___ (pill) and told her to take them ___ (till) she feels better. Yesterday, my dad went to pay the water ___ (bill) and passed the ___ (hill) near our house. He said the old ___ (mill) there is going to be turned into a park. I ___ (will) go to see it this weekend with my friends. We plan to ___ (fill) our bags with snacks and play games there. I hope we won’t meet any dangerous animals that might ___ (kill) us! My grandma was ___ (ill) so she can’t go with us.
口头复述：用英语复述上面的拓展情景故事，要求包含所有 “-ill” 词尾家族的单词。
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2. “-all” 词尾家族：生活场景全覆盖，记忆无压力
“-all” 词尾家族的单词大多和日常生活场景相关，比如 “ball”（球）、“mall”（商场）、“hall”（大厅）等，学生在生活中经常能接触到，容易产生联想，记忆起来非常轻松。
核心词汇清单（从 A 到 Z 搜索整理）：
all：adj./pron. 所有的；全部的（常见搭配：all people 所有人，all day 一整天）
ball：n. 球；球类运动（常见搭配：football 足球，basketball 篮球，tennis ball 网球）
call：v. 呼叫；称呼；打电话（常见搭配：call sb. 给某人打电话，call for 要求；需要）
fall：v. 落下；跌倒；秋天（常见搭配：fall down 跌倒，fall off 掉落，in fall 在秋天）
hall：n. 大厅；礼堂（常见搭配：school hall 学校礼堂，hotel hall 酒店大厅）
mall：n. 商场；购物中心（常见搭配：shopping mall 购物中心，city mall 城市商场）
small：adj. 小的；少的（常见搭配：a small house 小房子，small size 小号）
tall：adj. 高的；高大的（常见搭配：a tall tree 高树，tall building 高楼）
wall：n. 墙；墙壁（常见搭配：on the wall 在墙上，wall painting 壁画）
stall：n. 摊位；货摊（常见搭配：fruit stall 水果摊，market stall 市场摊位）【拓展词汇】
拓展情景故事（适合小学高年级和初中阶段）：
“Last Saturday, all my classmates went to the city mall for a picnic. We met at the school hall at 9 o’clock in the morning. Lily is a tall girl with long hair, and she brought a big football. Tom is small but very active, and he brought a basketball. When we got to the mall, we found a quiet corner near the wall. We spread out a blanket and put all our food on it. Suddenly, Lily’s football rolled away and hit a fruit stall. The stall owner was very kind and didn’t get angry. He even helped us pick up the ball. After that, we played basketball for a while. Tom tried to jump high to catch the ball, but he fell down. Luckily, he didn’t hurt himself. At noon, we called our parents to tell them we were having a good time. We stayed at the mall till 4 o’clock in the afternoon. It was a wonderful day, and we all felt very happy.”
记忆强化练习：
逆向联想：看到 “mall”，请说出所有 “-all” 词尾家族的单词，并描述它们在情景故事中的角色。
填空练习：There is a big ___ (mall) in our city. It has a beautiful ___ (hall) at the entrance. ___ (All) my friends like to go there on weekends. We often play ___ (ball) games near the ___ (wall). Last time, my friend Jack, who is very ___ (tall), tried to reach a toy on a high shelf, but he ___ (fall) down. I had to ___ (call) his mom to come. There is also a small ___ (stall) selling ice cream in the mall. The ice cream is so delicious that we always buy one after playing. Even though Jack is ___ (small) than me, he can eat three ice creams at a time!
情景拓展：请你自己构建一个新的情景故事，包含至少 6 个 “-all” 词尾家族的单词，并用英语写下来（不少于 80 词）。
3. “-ank” 词尾家族：动作 + 地点结合，联想更丰富
“-ank” 词尾家族的单词既有表示地点的（bank、rank），也有表示动作的（thank、blank、drank），还有表示状态的（sank、tank），词性多样，适合构建有动作、有情节的情景故事，让记忆更有层次感。
核心词汇清单（从 A 到 Z 搜索整理）：
bank：n. 银行；河岸（常见搭配：bank card 银行卡，river bank 河岸）
blank：adj. 空白的；无表情的；n. 空白处（常见搭配：blank paper 空白纸，blank face 无表情的脸，fill in the blanks 填空）
drank：v. 喝；饮（drink 的过去式，常见搭配：drank water 喝水，drank tea 喝茶）
frank：adj. 坦率的；直率的（常见搭配：be frank with sb. 对某人坦率）
rank：n. 等级；军衔；v. 排名（常见搭配：in the first rank 排名第一，military rank 军衔）
sank：v. 下沉；沉没（sink 的过去式，常见搭配：ship sank 船沉没了，sank into the water 沉入水中）
thank：v. 感谢；谢谢（常见搭配：thank you 谢谢你，thank sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人）
tank：n. 坦克；水槽；v. 大量喝酒（常见搭配：water tank 水槽，oil tank 油箱）
Yank：n. 美国人（非正式表达，常见搭配：a Yank 一个美国人）【拓展词汇】
拓展情景故事（适合初中和高中阶段）：
“Last summer, I went on a trip with my frank uncle. He used to be a soldier with a high military rank, and he knows a lot of interesting stories. On the first day, we went to the river bank to fish. We brought a big water tank to keep the fish we caught. While we were waiting for the fish to bite, my uncle told me a story about a ship that sank in the ocean during World War II. The ship was carrying a lot of gold, and it sank to the bottom of the sea near a small island. After the war, many people tried to find the gold, but no one succeeded. Suddenly, my fishing rod moved, and I pulled it up quickly. There was a big fish on the hook! I was so happy that I thanked my uncle for bringing me here. After fishing, we went to the bank to withdraw some money for dinner. On the way, we passed a blank wall, and some children were drawing pictures on it. My uncle told them not to damage public property, and they apologized and stopped. In the evening, we went to a restaurant and drank some juice. The food was delicious, and we had a great time. Before we left, the waiter gave us a blank piece of paper to write our feedback. I wrote that the service was excellent, and I would recommend it to all my friends.”
记忆强化练习：
逆向联想：看到 “thank”，请联想 “-ank” 词尾家族的其他单词，并分别用它们造一个句子。
填空练习：My dad works in a ___ (bank) near our house. He is a ___ (frank) man, and everyone likes to work with him. Last weekend, we went to the river ___ (bank) to have a picnic. We brought a ___ (tank) full of water and some ___ (blank) paper to draw. My brother ___ (drank) a lot of juice and then played with a toy ___ (tank). Suddenly, a small boat ___ (sank) in the river, but luckily no one was hurt. We helped the boat owner pull the boat up, and he ___ (thanked) us many times. My brother said he wanted to join the army when he grows up and get a high ___ (rank).
词性辨析：请分别说出 “bank”“blank”“rank” 的不同词性和对应的中文释义，并各造一个句子。
4. “-ook” 词尾家族：短词为主，适合低龄学习者
“-ook” 词尾家族的单词大多是短词，拼写简单，发音顺口，比如 “book”“look”“cook” 等，非常适合小学阶段的低龄学习者，通过简单的情景联想就能快速记住。
核心词汇清单（从 A 到 Z 搜索整理）：
book：n. 书；v. 预订（常见搭配：story book 故事书，book a ticket 预订机票）
cook：v. 烹饪；做饭；n. 厨师（常见搭配：cook dinner 做晚饭，a good cook 一位好厨师）
hook：n. 钩子；v. 钩住（常见搭配：fish hook 鱼钩，hook up 连接）
look：v. 看；看起来；n. 样子（常见搭配：look at 看，look like 看起来像）
took：v. 拿；取；接受（take 的过去式，常见搭配：took a photo 拍照，took a bus 乘公交车）
shook：v. 摇晃；抖动（shake 的过去式，常见搭配：shook hands 握手，shook his head 摇头）
brook：n. 小溪；小河（常见搭配：a small brook 小溪）【拓展词汇】
nook：n. 角落；隐蔽处（常见搭配：a quiet nook 安静的角落）【拓展词汇】
拓展情景故事（适合小学阶段）：
“Today is Sunday. My mom is a good cook, and she is cooking breakfast in the kitchen. I am reading a story book on the sofa. My dad is looking at his phone and booking a trip for us. After breakfast, we are going to the park. I took my favorite toy car and a fish hook. When we got to the park, we found a quiet nook near a small brook. My dad tried to fish with the hook, but he didn’t catch any fish. I shook the tree, and some leaves fell down. My mom took a photo of me playing with the leaves. We sat there and looked at the beautiful scenery. I told my parents that I wanted to come here again next weekend. They smiled and said yes. On the way home, we stopped at a bookstore and bought a new book about animals. I was so happy today!”
记忆强化练习：
逆向联想：看到 “book”，请说出 “-ook” 词尾家族的所有单词，并做动作演示（比如 “look” 做 “看” 的动作，“cook” 做 “做饭” 的动作）。
填空练习：I have a new story ___ (book). It’s about a little girl who likes to ___ (cook) and ___ (look) for adventure. One day, she ___ (took) her backpack and went to the forest. She found a small ___ (brook) and a fish ___ (hook) on the ground. She ___ (shook) the hook to see if there was a fish, but nothing happened. Then she found a quiet ___ (nook) under a tree and read her book. When she got home, her mom ___ (cooked) a delicious dinner for her.
造句练习：用 “book”（名词）、“book”（动词）、“cook”（名词）、“cook”（动词）分别造一个句子。
5. “-est” 词尾家族：形容词最高级，记忆 + 语法双丰收
“-est” 词尾家族比较特殊，大多是形容词的最高级形式（比如 “tallest”“smallest”），在记忆单词的同时，还能巩固形容词最高级的语法知识，实现 “单词 + 语法” 双丰收，非常适合初中阶段的学生。
核心词汇清单（从 A 到 Z 搜索整理）：
tallest：adj. 最高的（tall 的最高级，常见搭配：the tallest building 最高的楼）
smallest：adj. 最小的（small 的最高级，常见搭配：the smallest animal 最小的动物）
fastest：adj. 最快的（fast 的最高级，常见搭配：the fastest car 最快的车）
slowest：adj. 最慢的（slow 的最高级，常见搭配：the slowest bus 最慢的公交车）
strongest：adj. 最强壮的（strong 的最高级，常见搭配：the strongest man 最强壮的人）
weakest：adj. 最弱的（weak 的最高级，常见搭配：the weakest team 最弱的队伍）
longest：adj. 最长的（long 的最高级，常见搭配：the longest river 最长的河）
shortest：adj. 最短的（short 的最高级，常见搭配：the shortest path 最短的路）
best：adj./adv. 最好的；最好地（good/well 的最高级，常见搭配：the best student 最好的学生，do one’s best 尽力）
worst：adj./adv. 最差的；最差地（bad/badly 的最高级，常见搭配：the worst day 最差的一天，the worst result 最差的结果）
拓展情景故事（适合初中阶段）：
“Our school held a sports meeting last week. All the students were very excited. In the running race, Tom is the fastest runner in our class, and he won the first prize. Lily is the slowest, but she didn’t give up and ran to the end. Everyone cheered for her. In the long jump competition, Lucy jumped the farthest, and she broke the school record. In the weightlifting competition, Jack is the strongest boy, and he lifted the heaviest weight. My friend Amy is the smallest girl in our class, but she is very brave. She took part in the high jump competition and jumped over the highest bar in her group. The longest race was the 3000-meter run, and the shortest race was the 100-meter run. I think the best part of the sports meeting was the relay race. Our class worked together and got the second prize. The worst thing was that my friend Mike fell down during the race, but he quickly got up and continued running. After the sports meeting, our teacher said that everyone did their best, and we should be proud of ourselves.”
记忆强化练习：
逆向联想：看到 “best”，请说出 “-est” 词尾家族的其他单词，并说出它们的原级和比较级形式（比如 “best” 的原级是 “good”，比较级是 “better”）。
填空练习：This is the ___ (longest) river in our country. The ___ (fastest) train can run 350 kilometers per hour. My sister is the ___ (tallest) in our family, and I am the ___ (shortest). In the exam, Tom got the ___ (best) score, and John got the ___ (worst) score. The ___ (strongest) animal in the zoo is the lion, and the ___ (weakest) is the rabbit. The ___ (smallest) bird in the world is the hummingbird, and it can fly the ___ (fastest). The ___ (slowest) animal is the snail, and it moves very slowly.
语法应用：请用 “-est” 词尾家族的单词写 5 个句子，描述你身边的人或事物，要求正确使用形容词最高级的语法规则（比如加 the、原级变化等）。
6. “-end” 词尾家族：动词 + 名词结合，用法灵活
“-end” 词尾家族的单词既有动词（send、lend、bend），也有名词（friend、end），用法灵活，而且很多单词都是高频词汇，在日常交流和考试中经常出现，记忆价值很高。
核心词汇清单（从 A 到 Z 搜索整理）：
end：n. 结束；末端；v. 结束；终止（常见搭配：at the end of 在…… 结束时，end up 最终成为）
send：v. 发送；邮寄；派遣（常见搭配：send an email 发邮件，send sb. to school 送某人上学）
lend：v. 借出；借给（常见搭配：lend sb. sth. 借给某人某物，lend a hand 帮忙）
bend：v. 弯曲；弯腰；n. 弯曲处（常见搭配：bend down 弯腰，a sharp bend 急转弯）
friend：n. 朋友（常见搭配：good friend 好朋友，make friends 交朋友）
defend：v. 保卫；防御（常见搭配：defend oneself 自卫，defend the country 保卫国家）【拓展词汇】
extend：v. 延伸；延长（常见搭配：extend the time 延长时间，extend a hand 伸出手）【拓展词汇】
mend：v. 修理；修补（常见搭配：mend clothes 缝补衣服，mend a bike 修理自行车）【拓展词汇】
拓展情景故事（适合初中和高中阶段）：
“Yesterday was my best friend Lily’s birthday. I wanted to send her a special gift, so I made a handmade card for her. I bent down to pick some flowers from the garden and put them on the card. Lily’s house is at the end of the street, so I walked there after school. When I arrived, Lily was having a birthday party with her family. She was very happy to receive my gift and thanked me many times. Her mom lent me a camera to take photos of the party. We sang birthday songs, ate cake, and played games. At the party, Lily introduced me to her cousin Tom. Tom is a brave boy who wants to be a soldier to defend his country. He told us stories about his grandfather, who was a soldier in the army. We talked for a long time, and I found that Tom is a very kind person. I hope we can become good friends too. The party didn’t end until 10 o’clock in the evening. Before I left, Lily said she would extend an invitation to me for her next birthday party. I felt very happy and promised to come. On my way home, I thought about the wonderful time we had. I mended my bike this morning, so I rode it to school today. I saw Lily on the way, and we talked about the party again. It was a great day!”
记忆强化练习：
逆向联想：看到 “friend”，请说出 “-end” 词尾家族的其他单词，并分别说明它们的词性和常见搭配。
填空练习：I have a good ___ (friend) named Jack. He always ___ (lends) me his books when I need them. Yesterday, I ___ (sent) him an email to invite him to my birthday party. The party will be held at the ___ (end) of this month. We plan to have a picnic in the park. My dad will ___ (bend) the branches to make a tent for us. My brother wants to ___ (defend) the tent from the wind. We also plan to ___ (extend) the party time to 8 o’clock in the evening. My mom will ___ (mend) my old dress so that I can wear it to the party. I am looking forward to seeing Jack and having a good time.
短语搭配：请写出 “send”“lend”“end”“defend” 的 5 个常见短语，并各造一个句子。
7. “-ack” 词尾家族：发音响亮，记忆更深刻
“-ack” 词尾家族的单词发音都很响亮（/?k/），读起来朗朗上口，容易形成听觉记忆，而且单词的拼写也比较简单，大多是 “辅音 + ack” 的结构，比如 “back”“pack”“rack” 等，适合通过 “发音 + 拼写” 双重联想记忆。
核心词汇清单（从 A 到 Z 搜索整理）：
back：n. 背部；后面；adv. 回来；向后（常见搭配：on the back 在背上，go back 回去）
pack：v. 打包；包装；n. 包裹；一群（常见搭配：pack clothes 打包衣服，a pack of 一包）
rack：n. 架子；支架；v. 折磨；使痛苦（常见搭配：book rack 书架，rack one’s brain 绞尽脑汁）
sack：n. 麻袋； sacks 解雇；v. 解雇（常见搭配：a sack of rice 一袋大米，get the sack 被解雇）
lack：v. 缺乏；缺少；n. 缺乏（常见搭配：lack of 缺乏，lack time 没时间）
black：adj. 黑色的；n. 黑色（常见搭配：black hair 黑发，black coffee 黑咖啡）
track：n. 轨道；跑道；v. 追踪（常见搭配：train track 铁轨，track down 追踪到）
snack：n. 小吃；零食（常见搭配：snack bar 小吃店，healthy snack 健康零食）
crack：v. 破裂；裂开；n. 裂缝（常见搭配：crack a nut 砸开坚果，a crack in the wall 墙上的裂缝）
拓展情景故事（适合初中和高中阶段）：
“Last month, I went on a camping trip with my friends. We had to pack our bags the night before. I put some snacks, a tent, and a book rack in my backpack. My friend Tom forgot to bring a jacket, so he had to borrow one from me. He said he lacked preparation because he was too busy with his homework. When we arrived at the campsite, we found a small area near the train track. We set up our tent and built a fire. Suddenly, we heard a loud crack. We looked around and found that a tree branch had broken off. Luckily, no one was hurt. In the evening, we sat around the fire and told stories. Tom told us a story about a man who got the sack because he made a big mistake at work. After the story, we decided to go back to our tent because it was getting cold. The next morning, we woke up early and went for a walk. We saw a black bird flying in the sky. We followed it and found a beautiful lake. We spent the whole morning there, swimming and playing games. It was a great trip, and we all had a wonderful time.”
记忆强化练习：
逆向联想：看到 “back”，请说出 “-ack” 词尾家族的其他单词，并模仿它们的发音（/?k/），感受发音的共性。
填空练习：I need to ___ (pack) my bags for the trip tomorrow. I will bring some ___ (snacks), a water bottle, and a ___ (book rack). My mom told me not to forget my jacket because the weather might be cold. I hope I don’t ___ (lack) anything. Last time, I forgot my toothbrush and had to buy a new one. We will camp near a ___ (lake) that is not far from the train ___ (track). I heard there are many ___ (black) birds there. We plan to go for a walk in the morning and fish in the afternoon. I hope we don’t hear a ___ (crack) from the trees, like last time. After the trip, we will ___ (go back) home in the evening. My friend Jack said he would help me carry my ___ (backpack) because it’s too heavy.
发音练习：请大声朗读 “-ack” 词尾家族的所有单词，注意发音的准确性（/?k/），并录制下来，对比自己的发音和标准发音的区别。
8. “-ite” 词尾家族：学术 + 日常兼顾，适用范围广
“-ite” 词尾家族的单词既有日常词汇（kite、bite、site），也有学术词汇（unite、excite、invite），适用范围广，从小学到高中都能用到。而且很多单词的释义之间有一定的关联，容易构建有逻辑的情景故事。
核心词汇清单（从 A 到 Z 搜索整理）：
kite：n. 风筝（常见搭配：fly a kite 放风筝）
bite：v. 咬；叮咬；n. 咬；一口（常见搭配：bite an apple 咬一口苹果，a dog bite 狗咬）
site：n. 地点；场所；v. 选址（常见搭配：construction site 建筑工地，website 网站）
write：v. 写；写作（常见搭配：write a letter 写信，write a book 写书）
unite：v. 联合；团结（常见搭配：unite together 团结起来，unite the country 统一国家）
excite：v. 使兴奋；使激动（常见搭配：excite sb. 使某人兴奋，be excited about 对…… 感到兴奋）
invite：v. 邀请；招待（常见搭配：invite sb. to dinner 邀请某人吃晚饭，invitation 邀请）
polite：adj. 有礼貌的；客气的（常见搭配：be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌）
opposite：adj. 相反的；对面的；n. 相反的人或物（常见搭配：opposite direction 相反方向，on the opposite side 在对面）【拓展词汇】
拓展情景故事（适合初中和高中阶段）：
“Last weekend, our school organized a volunteer activity to clean up the construction site near the park. All the students were excited about it because we wanted to make the area clean and beautiful. Our teacher invited a local environmentalist to give us a speech before we started. He told us that it’s important to unite together to protect the environment. The environmentalist was very polite and answered all our questions. After the speech, we divided into groups and started working. My group was responsible for picking up the garbage. I found a broken kite on the ground. It must have been left by a child who was flying it there. Suddenly, a small dog ran over and tried to bite my shoe. I was scared, but my friend Tom chased it away. We worked hard for three hours, and the site looked much cleaner. On the way back to school, we walked on the opposite side of the street. I decided to write a diary about this activity when I got home. I wanted to record all the interesting things that happened. That evening, I wrote a long diary and shared it with my family. They were very proud of me and said I did a good job. I felt very happy and decided to take part in more volunteer activities in the future.”
记忆强化练习：
逆向联想：看到 “kite”，请说出 “-ite” 词尾家族的其他单词，并分别用它们造一个适合日常交流的句子。
填空练习：I like to ___ (fly a kite) in the park on weekends. Last time, my kite got stuck in a tree, and a ___ (polite) boy helped me get it down. I ___ (invited) him to my house for dinner to thank him. He was ___ (excited) about it. We talked about many things, including his dream to ___ (unite) people from different countries to protect the environment. He also told me about a new ___ (website) that shares information about environmental protection. I promised to ___ (write) an article for the website. The next day, we went to a ___ (construction site) to pick up garbage. A dog tried to ___ (bite) us, but we ran away quickly. We worked on the ___ (opposite) side of the site from the other volunteers. It was a great experience, and I made a new friend.
词义辨析：请辨析 “site” 和 “website”、“invite” 和 “invitation” 的区别，并各造一个句子。
9. “-ump” 词尾家族：动作感强，联想更生动
“-ump” 词尾家族的单词大多表示动作（jump、bump、dump），动作感强，容易通过肢体语言和情景画面进行联想，记忆起来非常生动。比如 “jump”（跳）可以做跳跃的动作，“bump”（碰撞）可以模拟碰撞的声音，让记忆更深刻。
核心词汇清单（从 A 到 Z 搜索整理）：
jump：v. 跳；跳跃；n. 跳跃（常见搭配：jump high 跳得高，jump over 跳过）
bump：v. 碰撞；撞击；n. 碰撞；肿块（常见搭配：bump into 偶然遇见，bump against 撞到）
dump：v. 倾倒；丢弃；n. 垃圾场（常见搭配：dump garbage 倒垃圾，waste dump 垃圾场）
lump：n. 肿块；小块；v. 结块（常见搭配：a lump of sugar 一块糖，lump together 混为一谈）
pump：n. 泵；抽水机；v. 用泵抽（常见搭配：water pump 水泵，pump water 抽水）
stump：n. 树桩；残余部分；v. 使困惑（常见搭配：tree stump 树桩，stump sb. 使某人困惑）
plump：adj. 丰满的；圆润的；v. 鼓起（常见搭配：plump cheeks 圆润的脸颊，plump up 鼓起）【拓展词汇】
拓展情景故事（适合小学和初中阶段）：
“Last Saturday, I went to the park with my little sister. She wanted to jump over the small fence near the lake. I told her to be careful, but she didn’t listen. Suddenly, she bumped into a tree stump and fell down. She got a small lump on her knee, but she didn’t cry. I helped her stand up and we went to the nearby bench to rest. There was a water pump next to the bench, so I pumped some water to clean her knee. After that, we walked around the park and saw a waste dump. There were many people dumping garbage there. My sister said it was very dirty, and we should not throw garbage everywhere. We continued walking and found a plump rabbit eating grass. We quietly watched it for a while, and then it jumped away. On our way home, we bumped into our neighbor Mr. Lee. He was walking his dog. He asked us where we had been, and we told him about our trip to the park. He said he also likes to go to the park on weekends to walk his dog. When we got home, my mom looked at my sister’s knee and put some medicine on it. She told us to be more careful next time. It was an interesting day, and we had a lot of fun.”
记忆强化练习：
逆向联想：看到 “jump”，请说出 “-ump” 词尾家族的其他单词，并做对应的动作（比如 “bump” 做碰撞的动作，“pump” 做抽水的动作）。
填空练习：My little brother likes to ___ (jump) on the bed. My mom always tells him not to do that because he might ___ (bump) his head. Yesterday, he found a ___ (tree stump) in the garden and tried to climb it. He fell down and got a small ___ (lump) on his arm. My dad used the ___ (water pump) to get some water and cleaned his arm. After that, we went to the park and saw a ___ (plump) bird. It was eating seeds on the ground. We also saw a man ___ (dumping) garbage in the wrong place. My brother told him to throw it in the waste ___ (dump). The man apologized and picked up the garbage. On our way home, we ___ (bumped) into our friend Lucy. She was flying a kite. We played with her for a while and then went home.
情景模拟：请你模拟 “-ump” 词尾家族的情景故事，用英语和同伴进行对话，要求对话中包含至少 5 个 “-ump” 词尾家族的单词。
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
